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Tungsten, an important non-ferrous and strategic metal, has been the focus of attention since ancient times due to its unique properties. Tungsten ore was known in ancient times as "heavy stone," a name that vividly reflects tungsten's high density. In 1781, the Swedish chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele first extracted a new elemental acid—tungstic acid—from scheelite. Subsequently, in 1783, Spaniard Depuy also extracted tungstic acid from wolframite, and for the first time obtained tungsten powder by carbon reduction of tungsten trioxide, thus officially naming this element.
Tungsten is located in Group VIB of the sixth period (second long period) in the periodic table. Although the content of tungsten in the earth's crust is not high, only 0.001%, its distribution is quite widespread. At present, more than 20 tungsten-containing minerals have been discovered, and these minerals are usually formed along with the activities of granitic magmas. After smelting, tungsten exhibits a silvery-white, lustrous metallic appearance. Its melting point is extremely high, and its hardness is also very high. These characteristics make tungsten widely used in many fields.
Tungsten-lanthanum alloys, composed of tungsten (W) and lanthanum (La), exhibit broad application potential in numerous fields due to their unique physical and chemical properties.
Tungsten titanium alloy is an alloy material composed of tungsten and titanium as the main elements. This alloy combines the high melting point and high hardness of tungsten with the light weight characteristics of titanium, so it has excellent high temperature performance and mechanical properties.
Tungsten-nickel alloy is an alloy material with unique physical and chemical properties, which is characterized by high melting point, high hardness and high corrosion resistance. The nickel content of tungsten nickel alloy is usually less than 10% or between 10% and 25%, and the rest is mainly tungsten.
Tungsten-molybdenum alloy refers to an alloy composed of tungsten and molybdenum, in which the tungsten content in the commonly used tungsten-molybdenum alloy is 30% to 50% (mass). The preparation method of tungsten molybdenum alloy is the same as that of metal molybdenum and molybdenum alloy, mainly including powder metallurgy sintering post-processing and smelting processing, which can be used to make rods, plates, wires or other profiles. The properties of tungsten-molybdenum alloys change with the increase of tungsten content. For example, the melting point of molybdenum-tungsten alloy increases with the increase of tungsten content. When the tungsten content increases to 25%, the melting point of the alloy is about 200 ℃ higher than that of pure molybdenum. In addition, the lattice constant and density of the molybdenum-tungsten alloy increase as a linear function with the increase of tungsten content, and the hardness and strength also increase with the increase of tungsten content. The highest room temperature hardness value of the alloy is between 90% and 100, and its Vickers hardness value is as high as 3530 ~ 3860MPa, which is more than double that of pure molybdenum.
Tungsten copper alloy is an alloy composed of tungsten and copper. The copper content of commonly used alloys is 10% to 50%. The alloy is made by powder metallurgy method, which has good electrical and thermal conductivity, good high temperature strength and certain plasticity. At very high temperatures, such as above 3000 ℃, the copper in the alloy is liquefied and evaporated, absorbing a large amount of heat and reducing the surface temperature of the material, so this kind of material is also called metal sweating material. Tungsten copper alloy has a wide range of uses. It is mainly used to manufacture high-voltage electrical switch contacts and rocket nozzle throat lining, tail rudder and other high-temperature components that resist arc ablation. It is also used as an electrode for electrical processing, high-temperature molds and other occasions that require high electrical and thermal conductivity and high-temperature use.
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